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James Douglas "Jim" Morrison (December 8, 1943 – July 3, 1971) was an American singer, songwriter and poet best remembered as the lead singer of The Doors.〔"(''See e.g.'', Morrison poem backs climate plea )", ''BBC News'', January 31, 2007.〕 Because of his songwriting, wild personality and performances, he is regarded by critics and fans as one of the most iconic and influential frontmen in rock music history, and because of the dramatic circumstances surrounding his life and death, in the latter part of the 20th century, he was one of the popular culture's most rebellious and oft-displayed icons, representing generational gap and youth counterculture.〔Steve Huey. (Jim Morrison: Biography ). AllMusic.〕 He was also well known for improvising spoken word poetry passages while the band played live. Morrison was ranked number 47 on ''Rolling Stone's'' list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time",〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=100 Greatest Singers: Jim Morrison )〕 and number 22 on ''Classic Rock Magazine's'' "50 Greatest Singers In Rock".〔May 2009. ''Classic Rock Magazine''.〕 Ray Manzarek said that Morrison "embodied hippie counterculture rebellion..." Morrison was sometimes referred to by other monikers, such as "Lizard King" and "King of Orgasmic Rock". Morrison developed an alcohol dependency. He died at the age of 27 in Paris, probably of an accidental heroin overdose. No autopsy was performed, and the exact cause of Morrison's death is still disputed. Jim Morrison's grave is located at Père Lachaise Cemetery in eastern Paris. ==Early years== James Douglas Morrison was born in Melbourne, Florida, the son of Clara Virginia (née Clarke) and future Rear Admiral George Stephen Morrison.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SOFT PARADE 6571 )〕 Morrison had a sister, Anne Robin, who was born in 1947 in Albuquerque, New Mexico; and a brother, Andrew Lee Morrison, who was born in 1948 in Los Altos, California. His ancestors were Scottish, Irish, and English.〔"(Dead Famous: Jim Morrison )." ''The Biography Channel''. Retrieved December 2, 2007.〕 In 1949, Morrison, then four years old, allegedly witnessed a car accident in the desert, in which a family of Native Americans were injured and possibly killed. He referred to this incident in the Doors' song "Peace Frog" on the 1970 album ''Morrison Hotel,'' as well as in the spoken word performances "Dawn's Highway" and "Ghost Song" on the posthumous 1978 album ''An American Prayer''. Morrison believed this incident to be the most formative event of his life, and made repeated references to it in the imagery in his songs, poems, and interviews. His family does not recall this incident happening in the way he told it. According to the Morrison biography ''No One Here Gets Out Alive'', Morrison's family did drive past a car accident on an Indian reservation when he was a child, and he was very upset by it. The book ''The Doors'', written by the remaining members of the Doors, explains how different Morrison's account of the incident was from that of his father. This book quotes his father as saying, "We went by several Indians. It did make an impression on him (young James ). He always thought about that crying Indian." This is contrasted sharply with Morrison's tale of "Indians scattered all over the highway, bleeding to death." In the same book, his sister is quoted as saying, "He enjoyed telling that story and exaggerating it. He said he saw a dead Indian by the side of the road, and I don't even know if that's true." With his father in the United States Navy, Morrison's family moved often. He spent part of his childhood in San Diego. He completed third grade at the Fairfax County Elementary School Fairfax County, Virginia. His father was stationed at NAS Kingsville in 1952, he attended Charles H. Flato Elementary School in Kingsville, Texas. He continued at St. John's Methodist School in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and then Longfellow School Sixth Grade Graduation Program from San Diego, California. In 1957, Morrison attended Alameda High School in Alameda, California. He graduated from George Washington High School, now George Washington Middle School, in Alexandria, Virginia in June 1961.〔 Morrison read widely and voraciously—being particularly inspired by the writings of philosophers and poets. He was influenced by Friedrich Nietzsche, whose views on aesthetics, morality, and the Apollonian and Dionysian duality would appear in his conversation, poetry and songs. He read Plutarch’s "Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans". He read the works of the French Symbolist poet Arthur Rimbaud, whose style would later influence the form of Morrison’s short prose poems. He was also influenced by Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Charles Baudelaire, Molière, Franz Kafka, Honoré de Balzac and Jean Cocteau, along with most of the French existentialist philosophers.〔 His senior-year English teacher said, "Jim read as much and probably more than any student in class, but everything he read was so offbeat I had another teacher (who was going to the Library of Congress) check to see if the books Jim was reporting on actually existed. I suspected he was making them up, as they were English books on sixteenth- and seventeenth-century demonology. I’d never heard of them, but they existed, and I’m convinced from the paper he wrote that he read them, and the Library of Congress would’ve been the only source." Morrison went to live with his paternal grandparents in Clearwater, Florida, where he attended classes at St. Petersburg College (then known as a junior college). In 1962, he transferred to Florida State University (FSU) in Tallahassee, where he appeared in a school recruitment film.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://floridamemory.com/items/show/232390 )〕 While attending FSU, Morrison was arrested for a prank following a home football game.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.americanlegends.com/Interviews/morrison.htm )〕 In January 1964, Morrison moved to Los Angeles to attend the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Shortly thereafter on August 2, 1964, Morrison's father, George Stephen Morrison, commanded a carrier division of the United States fleet during the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, which resulted in the United States' rapid escalation of the Vietnam War. At UCLA, Morrison enrolled in Jack Hirschman's class on Antonin Artaud in the Comparative Literature program within the UCLA English Department. Artaud's brand of surrealist theatre had a profound impact on Morrison's dark poetic sensibility of cinematic theatricality. Morrison completed his undergraduate degree at UCLA's film school within the Theater Arts department of the College of Fine Arts in 1965.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NOTABLE ALUMNI ACTORS )〕 At the time of graduation ceremony, he went to Venice, and his diploma was mailed to his mother at Coronado. He made several short films while attending UCLA. ''First Love'', the first of these films, made with Morrison's classmate and roommate Max Schwartz, was released to the public when it appeared in a documentary about the film ''Obscura''. During these years, while living in Venice Beach, he became friends with writers at the ''Los Angeles Free Press''. Morrison was an advocate of the underground newspaper until his death in 1971. He later conducted a lengthy and in-depth interview with Bob Chorush and Andy Kent, both working for the Free Press at the time (approximately December 6-8th, 1970), and was planning on visiting the headquarters of the busy newspaper shortly before leaving for Paris.〔Goldsmith, Melissa Ursula Dawn. "Criticism ''Lighting His Fire'': Perspectives on Jim Morrison from the ''Los Angeles Free Press'', ''Down Beat'', ''The Miami Herald'' (master's thesis, Interdepartmental Program in Liberal Arts, Louisiana State University, 2007). Available at (etd.lsu.edu )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jim Morrison」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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